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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications are a great way to manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are educated in the use and prescription of medications. They can prescribe the correct medication to minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, which includes psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medication to treat anxiety, but they can take several weeks for them to be effective. SSRIs The majority of anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. The newer SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse reactions than older tricyclics and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. A variety of SSRIs are FDA-approved for treating generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil), sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain. They can also help to increase norepinephrine levels and BDNF. They can be used in conjunction with psychotherapy, or by themselves. SSRIs can cause negative effects, such as stomach and nausea, but these usually improve as the body gets used to the medication. The precise mechanism behind the SSRIs' effect on anxiety isn't well known. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neuron and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This enhances the signaling across the synapses and reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to decreasing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be incorporated into psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to improve their effectiveness. Contrary to other classes of antidepressants SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. It is still important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor. If you stop taking your medication abruptly and suddenly, it can trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs aren't suitable for your needs, your doctor may look into a different kind of antidepressants, like mirtazapine or nefazodone. These medications are also effective, but carry more risk of having side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods such as dairy products such as red meat, eggs as well as some fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these medications, it is a good idea to avoid these foods. Additionally it is generally advised that you avoid drinking alcohol while taking SSRIs because this can increase the severity of some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines increase the calming effects of certain chemicals within the brain and nervous system. They work by increasing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a substance which inhibits nerve activity. These drugs can be effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive and should only be used for a short time under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used recreationally, or when mixed with alcohol and other substances. The use of medication is often the first thing people seek out when they're suffering from an anxiety disorder However, they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy or talk therapy has also been proven to be a way to reduce anxiety disorder symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies that can aid and improve your life, but the most well-known and effective one is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This type of therapy teaches you to change your thinking and behavior in order to feel less anxious. Alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide as well as diazep Clorazepate, lorazepam, and quazepam are among the most commonly used benzodiazepines. Each one has its own set of side effects, however, they all share similar properties in pharmacology. For example, clorazepate is more effective in treating seizures than other drugs, and lorazepam works better for anxiety disorders than quazepam. While benzodiazepines are effective, they are not advised for long-term use due to the fact that they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding shaking, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a few weeks. However they can be reduced if you taper off the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines are highly addictive and should be taken only for a short time. In general, not more than four weeks. You will need to monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and breathing throughout this time so you don't suffer a severe reaction. Talk to your doctor when you're considering taking the use of a drug called benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that helps to treat anxiety-related symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding with beta receptors in your nervous system. This prevents the hormone triggering physical reactions like heart palpitations or tremors. These medications are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they can also be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. If you are stressed your body releases a chemical dubbed Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself to fight or flee. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the brain and heart, causing your heart to beat faster and triggering a variety of physical reactions. Beta-blockers, a class of medications that treat hypertension and various heart diseases are able to block the action of adrenaline on its binding which reduces the heart rate and blood pressure. Unlike SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take a few weeks or months to make a noticeable difference in your symptoms, beta-blockers work quickly. This makes them a good alternative for those who require immediate relief from their anxiety for instance, those who need to deliver a speech in public or travel on a plane. They also make a great option for those suffering from anxiety and chronic heart conditions, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. While beta-blockers can be effective in decreasing physical symptoms of anxiety, they fail to address the underlying cause of the disorder. They are only prescribed as part of an overall treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle changes and counseling. However, they are a useful option for people who have tried other anti-anxiety medications and have not found them to be effective or to have intolerable side effects. There are a variety of different kinds of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is best for you, based on your medical history and health condition. The use of these medicines can cause adverse effects, like fatigue or low blood pressure, so it is important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) which were first developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, work for certain depression and anxiety disorders. They aren't as frequently used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions needed and the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs are in tablet form and are taken orally, while others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal skin patch. MAOIs block the actions of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play an important role in mood, sleep and appetite, as in sexual function as well. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause adverse effects and come with warnings about suicide. Your doctor may prescribe other medications or treatments to manage your symptoms in addition the MAOIs below. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor might suggest a relaxation technique or other home remedies to ease your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during research into tuberculosis in 1952. It was quickly discovered to have mood-elevating qualities and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. Typically, MAOIs are employed when other antidepressants fail to work, since they can cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. If you use an MAOI and eat foods that contain the chemical tyramine that is found in a variety of cheeses, red meats, shellfish, fish, as well as certain dietary supplements, it could trigger an adverse reaction that can result in high blood pressure. This severe reaction can cause headache pain that is throbbing, nausea, vomiting and a fast heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other drugs and cause severe side effects, such as suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and even suicidal thoughts. Your doctor will discuss your dietary requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. He or she will tell you to avoid eating foods containing tyramine while taking the medication. He or she may also give you a list of food that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. This food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related symptoms.